India - Energy overview
Country profile
- International Renewable Energy Agency's (IRENA) Renewable Capacity Statistics 2022 published that India’s Total Renewable Energy Capacity in 2021 was 147,122MW.
- The Government of India allocated INR 6900 crores to the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, INR 16074 crores to the Ministry of Power, INR 8939 crores to the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas and INR 393 crores to the Ministry of Coal for the Financial year 2022-23.
- According to the Council on Energy, Environment and Water, India has no declared domestic reserves for the bulk of its demand for critical minerals, and is dependent on imports.
Policies and Initiatives
- The Government of India has set up Rural Electrification Cooperation (REC) to provide electricity to different sections of the society. REC is the nodal agency for schemes such as Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY), Saubhagya (Pradhan Mantri Bijli Har Ghar Yojana), Power for All, National Electricity Fund and Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana (UDAY).
- The Energy Conservation Act, 2001 was enacted with the goal of reducing the energy intensity of Indian Economy and promoting Sustainable Development.
- The Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All (UJALA) scheme was launched by the Government of India to promote efficient usage of electricity for all by distributing LEDs to every grid connected customer.
- Pradhan Mantri – Kisan Urja Suraksha Evam Utthan Mahaabhiyan (PM-KUSUM) aims to enhance farmers’ energy independence, income and de-dieselise the farm sector.
- The National Solar Mission is an initiative of the Government of India to create policy conditions for diffusion of solar energy technologies across the country. The Mission is currently in its second phase.
- The National Policy on Biofuels policy aims to increase usage of biofuels in the energy and transportation sectors of India.
- The Atal Jyoti Yojana scheme was launched with the aim of installing solar street lights around the country. The scheme is currently in its second phase.
- The Green Energy Corridors Project was launched with the aim of synchronising electricity produced from renewable sources, such as solar and wind, with conventional power stations.
- Apart from the above-mentioned programs, several other schemes have been launched by the Government of India. Programs to utilise available renewable sources of energy have also been launched, such as Wind Energy, Solar Energy, Small Hydro Energy, Waste Energy and Bio Energy.
- Several legislations have been passed by the Government of India with the aim to channel the electricity produced efficiently across the country.
- The National Mineral Policy 2019, was introduced to ensure effective regulation and sustainable development of the mining sector.
Governance structure
The Energy and Power sector in India is administered and legislated by both Central and state governments. The Ministry of Power and Ministry of New and Renewable Energy are the agencies responsible for the planning, promotion, coordination and implementation of power and energy-related schemes, initiatives and programs. The Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Ministry of Steel, Ministry of Mines and the Ministry of Coal are the primary executive agencies responsible for coordination of issues related to minerals in India. The Central Electricity Regulatory Commission is a statutory body and the key regulator of the power sector in India. The Bureau of Energy Efficiency is a statutory agency which develops programs for conservation and efficient use of energy.